Working from home in the EU, 2025: where it is most common
Published
In 2025, 23.3% of employed people aged 20 to 64 in the EU worked from home at least some of the time. The share ranged from 56.1% in the Netherlands to 3.6% in Romania. Finland had the largest share working from home usually, 20.9%. Here are the figures for all 27 EU countries.
How common working from home is depends a lot on the country. In 2025, 8.9% of employed people aged 20 to 64 in the EU usually worked from home and another 14.4% did so sometimes. Together, that is 23.3%, or close to one in four workers. The remaining 76.7% did not work from home at all.
The figures come from the EU Labour Force Survey, published by Eurostat in the dataset on employed persons working from home as a percentage of total employment, with 2025 as the latest year. They cover all employed people aged 20 to 64, employees and self-employed together.
What "usually" and "sometimes" mean
The survey asks about the four working weeks before the interview. According to the Eurostat explanatory notes, a person usually works from home when they do so for at least half of the time worked in that period. A person sometimes works from home when they do so for less than half of the time worked, but for at least one hour. Telework counts as working from home. Checking emails or answering calls from home now and then does not.
In the table, the last column adds the two published shares. Because each share is rounded, the sum can differ by 0.1 point from 100 minus the share that does not work from home.
The table
Share of employed people aged 20 to 64, in %, 2025, ordered by the share working from home usually or sometimes.
| Rank | Country | Usually | Sometimes | Usually or sometimes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Netherlands | 12.0 | 44.1 | 56.1 |
| 2 | Sweden | 12.8 | 33.1 | 45.9 |
| 3 | Luxembourg | 11.2 | 32.1 | 43.3 |
| 4 | Denmark | 7.9 | 35.0 | 42.9 |
| 5 | Finland | 20.9 | 21.6 | 42.5 |
| 6 | Belgium | 13.5 | 24.3 | 37.8 |
| 7 | Ireland | 19.8 | 17.2 | 37.0 |
| 8 | France | 11.3 | 24.9 | 36.2 |
| 9 | Austria | 11.1 | 18.3 | 29.4 |
| 10 | Estonia | 11.7 | 17.0 | 28.7 |
| 11 | Malta | 12.7 | 13.5 | 26.2 |
| 12 | Germany | 13.3 | 11.9 | 25.2 |
| 13 | Portugal | 8.9 | 12.5 | 21.4 |
| 14 | Slovenia | 7.3 | 12.0 | 19.3 |
| 15 | Czechia | 6.6 | 10.4 | 17.0 |
| 16 | Slovakia | 7.3 | 9.6 | 16.9 |
| 17 | Poland | 6.1 | 10.2 | 16.3 |
| 18 | Spain | 8.0 | 7.8 | 15.8 |
| 19 | Cyprus | 4.3 | 10.2 | 14.5 |
| 20 | Croatia | 4.8 | 9.3 | 14.1 |
| 21 | Lithuania | 5.2 | 7.5 | 12.7 |
| 22 | Latvia | 8.5 | 4.1 | 12.6 |
| 23 | Hungary | 4.1 | 5.7 | 9.8 |
| 24 | Italy | 2.7 | 5.5 | 8.2 |
| 25 | Greece | 2.3 | 4.4 | 6.7 |
| 26 | Bulgaria | 1.4 | 2.6 | 4.0 |
| 27 | Romania | 1.3 | 2.3 | 3.6 |
| EU | 8.9 | 14.4 | 23.3 |
Where working from home is most common
The Netherlands leads by a wide margin: 56.1% of employed people worked from home usually or sometimes in 2025, and only 43.9% did not work from home at all. It is the only EU country where people who work from home at least some of the time are the majority. Most of them do it part of the time: 44.1% sometimes, against 12.0% usually.
Sweden (45.9%), Luxembourg (43.3%), Denmark (42.9%) and Finland (42.5%) follow. Belgium, Ireland and France complete the group above 35%.
The mix differs between these countries. In Denmark, 35.0% worked from home sometimes and 7.9% usually, so most people who work from home there do it for less than half of their working time. Finland had the highest share working from home usually, 20.9%, followed by Ireland with 19.8%. Germany, 12th overall at 25.2%, also has more people working from home usually (13.3%) than sometimes (11.9%).
Where it is still rare
At the other end, working from home is uncommon. In Romania, 3.6% of employed people worked from home usually or sometimes, and 96.4% did not. Bulgaria (4.0%), Greece (6.7%), Italy (8.2%) and Hungary (9.8%) are also below 10%.
This dataset does not split the figures by occupation or sector, so it shows how common working from home is in each country, not why. A low national share does not mean that no employer offers hybrid work there; it means that fewer workers overall work from home.
Notes on the data
- Definition differs. Eurostat flags the 2025 figures for Spain and France with a note that the definition differs, so compare them with some caution.
- Change since 2024. The EU figures moved little: in 2024, 9.0% usually worked from home and 13.9% sometimes.
What this means if you plan to move
If you want to keep a remote or hybrid job after moving, a high share tells you that working from home is part of normal working life for many people in that country. It does not mean that a local employer will accept remote work for your role, and a low share does not rule it out. Remote work for an employer in another country also raises separate questions about visas, tax and social security.
For the visa side of remote work, see our guide to digital nomad visas, and for working hours and free time, work-life balance by country.
Country profiles: Netherlands, Sweden, Finland, Ireland, Germany, Italy and Romania.
Countries in this article
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Related
Sources
- Eurostat. Employed persons working from home by professional status, % of total employment (lfsa_ehomp), ages 20 to 64, 2025. accessed .
- Eurostat. EU Labour Force Survey explanatory notes (version of 14 January 2026), variable HOMEWORK: working at home for the main job. accessed .
- Eurostat. Labour force survey (LFS) series, detailed annual data (lfsa), reference metadata. accessed .